Source : Sahel weather May 2025

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Prime Minister Ousmane Sonko has announced the definitive withdrawal of all foreign military bases still present on Senegalese soil by July 2025. One French military base has already been withdrawn. This withdrawal could be part of a regional movement by some West African countries to re-evaluate their position with regard to the military presence of foreign powers. "It's an ordinary act for a sovereign country to say that we don't need a foreign military base. We have a national army, defence and security forces, and we thought we could manage our security ourselves", he defended. This statement by the Senegalese prime minister was made during an interview on national television (RTB) in Burkina Faso, where he was on a visit and where security was one of the issues discussed. The head of the Senegalese government affirmed his "absolute support" for President Ibrahim Traoré in the fight against terrorism. Senegal "will not exclude any form of collaboration to support these brotherly [countries] in this ordeal", he maintained. Ousmane Sonko also praised President Traoré's determination to unify the sub-region and remains open to any proposal for economic and security cooperation. Is Senegal, the figurehead of African democracy, open to new and closer cooperation with ESA member countries?

As part of this drive to strengthen cooperation with countries in the sub-region, Senegal is continuing to consolidate its border security by setting up a joint Senegal-Mauritania patrol. The Defence and Security Forces (FDS) of the two countries are cooperating to "step up the fight against the illegal activities rife in the region, particularly banditry, cattle rustling and illegal immigration", according to the Senegalese press agency (APS).

Justice and politics: backlash against Macky Sall's former ministers?

On 08 May, the National Assembly adopted a series of resolutions requiring five of ex-president Macky Sall's ministers to appear before the High Court of Justice, notably for misappropriation of an anti-Covid fund. The 1,000 billion CFA francs was intended to strengthen the health system, support economic players and protect jobs in a context of vulnerability. However, the management of this fund is now being debated, in particular for embezzlement and misappropriation of public funds. Sentences are being handed down one by one, and several people have been charged.

Alongside this judicial upheaval, the political duo of Khalifa Sall and Barthélémy Dias, the former mayor of Dakar, have parted company, first with the Socialist Party and then with the Taxawu Sénégal party. Although the split is described as an "amicable agreement", in reality it reflects the differences and tensions that have emerged between the two men in recent months. This new departure seems difficult for Barthélémy Dias at a time when the opposition is finding it increasingly difficult to make its presence felt in the political arena.

National dialogue: towards in-depth reform of Senegal's political system?

President Bassirou Diomaye Faye opens the Day of National Dialogue on the reform of Senegal's political system. It runs from 28 May to 4 June 2025 and aims to "rethink our institutions, revisit our practices, and rebuild trust between the State and its citizens", as announced by the Head of State. Dr Cheikh Gueye, who has been appointed general facilitator of the dialogue, has been tasked with guiding the discussions along 10 axes. The points addressed include improving the system and updating the Electoral Code. The aim is to ensure transparent elections by overhauling the procedures for collecting results, rigorously supervising electoral bodies and strengthening the role of independent observers. In addition, there is a desire for an in-depth rationalisation of political parties, as well as greater control over their funding, a crucial issue that echoes the fight against corruption being waged by Ousmane Sonko's current government. At the end of the dialogue, the general facilitator, Dr Cheikh Guèye, expressed his satisfaction with the broad consensus reached, despite the profound differences on the issue of freedoms.

Renewed tensions in Casamance 

It is more than a month since a soldier was abducted during a sweep in the Djinaky forest. This operation followed a major robbery of a cashew nut business in the commune of Boutoupa Camaracounda, in the department of Ziguinchor. Heavily armed individuals ambushed the goods and recovered the equivalent of 30 million CFA francs. The Mouvement des forces démocratiques de Casamance (MFDC) is suspected of holding the missing soldier captive. These tensions are resurfacing in the region despite the fact that a peace agreement was signed with the separatist group in February 2025 with a view to "establishing lasting peace in Casamance", according to Prime Minister Ousmane Sonko.

Voluntary" return of migrants

Meanwhile, 591 Senegalese migrants have been repatriated "voluntarily". After emigrating to Europe, these migrants were residing illegally in transit countries in North Africa or the Sahel. Their "voluntary return" is a growing trend in sub-Saharan Africa. By October 2024, 200 voluntary returnees had already been registered in Senegal. Tunisia counted 1,000 sub-Saharan Africans in April 2025. To facilitate their return, Tunisia has introduced one flight a week. The International Organisation for Migration has deployed a return protection and reintegration programme for migrants in sub-Saharan Africa. This initiative aims to limit new departures to Europe and concerns 16 countries in the region, including Senegal.