Source : Sahel weather May 2025

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Once again this week, the political situation in Togo, with the recent demonstrations, raises questions about the country's democratic development. Last March, Togo made a major institutional change. The country officially moved to a parliamentary system, with a presidential ticket put to the people. Under this system, the post of Chairman of the Council of Ministers was created in the 5th Republic, and will be responsible for steering government action alongside the President of the Republic, who has an honorary title. At the end of this exercise, Faure Gnassingbé was chosen as Chairman of the Council to preside over the country's destiny for a 6-year term. He succeeded his father Eyadéma Gnassingbé 20 years ago. Many observers see this new reform as a hidden attempt to remain in power with a veneer of democracy. For some, it ensures that he will remain the alpha and omega  a long time to comeof political, economic and social life for.

Togo's transition from a presidential to a parliamentary system: Faure remains the country's "strong man

Alongside him, the President of the Republic really only has symbolic power; all powers are in the hands of the President of the Council. This is Jean Lucien Savi de Tové (86), a historic opponent and former Minister of Trade and Handicrafts under Edem Kodjo, who was the sole candidate of the ruling Union for the Republic (UNIR) party and was unanimously elected by the 150 members of the Congress of Deputies and Senators during the special session. He was elected for a 4-year term, renewable once only. For many observers, he is regarded as a living memory of the country's political life over several decades, and has taken part in all the country's battles and major events. A choice that is amply justified in view of his stature and experience.

The measures accompanying the 5th Republic strongly criticised by the opposition and civil society

The opposition, for its part, has not failed to decry the government's measures. It rejects the Fifth Republic out of hand, which for some is clearly an attempt by the current regime to stay in power through measures deemed Machiavellian. Opposition leaders believe that Faure has waited until the eve of the end of his term to propose these reforms, which will consolidate his position as president. Civil society activists are also continuing to challenge the reforms through peaceful demonstrations, which are very often banned by the current regime. According to the spokesman of the Touche pas à ma Constitution movement, "The Fifth Republic is an act of rape, in other words, without consent, that is being inflicted on the Togolese people. By replacing the Constitution in the dead of night, on the sly, without clear explanations, without consulting the people, the people have been scorned and the conscience of every citizen has been violated". The lack of dialogue and consensus upstream was strongly criticised by a large section of the political class and leaders of citizens' organisations.

 Security situation in northern Togo: suspicion of authoritarian excesses and increased presence of Burkinabe refugees

On the security front, cases of authoritarian excesses within the security forces were raised during the month. Gendarmes were reported to have committed acts of torture in a village. There was also the case of an individual who accused a police commissioner of swindling him out of 2,500,000 FCFA. Another highlight was the case of a drunk police officer who allegedly caused a serious accident involving a motorcyclist and even refused to take the victim to hospital for treatment. No further action was taken...

Meanwhile, Burkinabe refugees continue to make the headlines, particularly in the northern part of the country. The Savanes region, particularly Dapaong, is home to thousands of women and children who have fled Burkina Faso to escape the violence. According to figures from the census of displaced persons, there are around 29,500 in the region. Is there a risk that the security situation will get worse, given the tense situation in the Sahel?